Economic analysis of energy storage methods in office buildings based on demand response to electricity prices

Under the backdrop of the global energy transition and the “dual carbon” goals, the future power system will be dominated by renewable energy, and profound changes will occur on both the energy supply and consumption sides. Through the application of flexible energy consumption technologies, such as energy storage devices, buildings can store electricity during off-peak periods of the power grid and reduce electricity consumption during peak periods. This plays a role of “peak shaving and valley filling”, balancing the power grid load, reducing the peak load pressure on the power grid, and improving the operational efficiency and stability of the power grid. This paper focuses on office buildings and deeply explores three mainstream energy storage methods: water energy storage, ice cool storage, and battery energy storage. By constructing a scientific economic quantitative analysis model and comprehensively considering key influencing factors such as incremental investment, operating costs, life cycle, and electricity price policies, the aim is to provide a reliable decision-making basis for office buildings in choosing different energy storage schemes, helping office buildings achieve economic benefits and enhance their adaptability and competitiveness in the future energy system, and laying a foundation for achieving the “dual carbon” goals of the entire society.